3) Disclosure creates a confident and co-owner

When people are told or discover a persons private information, they become co-owners of that information

When a person revives some other persons' private information they can not just consider self on whether to conceal or revel information.

The act of disclosing private information creates a bond and draws that person into a collective privacy boundary willingly or reluctantly 

Collective privacy boundary Intersection of personal privacy boundaries of co-owners or private information, all of whom are responsible for the information.

An example study of Disclosure Creating Confident and Co-owner

In a study "Exploring coordination and ownership between friends" using private information from the Communication and Privacy Management Theory a group of researchers used 100 pairs of friends to research the risk of prior disclosure.  They completed measures about the risk of a prior disclosure and the degree of discussion about who could could not know the information. In support of Communication Privacy Management theory, disclosure engaged in greater boundary coordination when the information was riskier. When the information was riskier, disclosures and receivers perceived that the receivers had less ownership rights over the information. Disclosures reported negative emotional reactions to hypothetical dissemination of higher-risk information when they perceived their friends as having less ownership, but positive emotional reactions of lower-risk information when they perceived their friends as having more ownership. Receivers were more likely to disseminate the information when they perceived they had ownership over the information.

In the end many said that if their friend/co-owner of their information shared it they would be very upset. This is showing that when telling some other persons' information one cannot just consider self. They have to take into consideration that the owner of the information would be upset. 

This theory is an explanation of when information is told to someone in privacy most people feel that the amount of ownership is based on the risk and intensity of the information. But would be upset if the information was raveled. (Kennedy, pg, 671)